Envy and Social Justice

My friend Frank posts on the question of how envy plays into our view of social justice. Well-written and provocative.

But… I can’t fully agree with Frank’s emphasis (no surprise to him, as I’ve been stubbornly discussing this issue with him for months). A few brief thoughts (not directed in any one direction):

1) Frank’s conclusion is to caution us away from overemphasizing social justice for the poor at the expense of cautioning the poor against envy of the rich. Which, taken at face value, I do agree with. Every class has its own endemic virtues and vices to encourage and combat (respectively, of course). James states that different classes require different motivating exhortations toward virtue on account of their different economic states (1:10).

2) However, strangely enough, James does not dwell on the sins of the poor, same as Jesus does not dwell on the sins of the adultress (John 4 and 8), the sinners and collaborators (Mark 2:13-17), nor other oppressed groups (e.g. women, the diseased, lepers, etc.).

3) So, while Jesus does not ignore the sin of the downtrodden (John 4:17-18; 8:11), He also does not call them vipers or white-washed tombs. Instead, he treats them with a kindness infused with moral authority: “Neither do I condemn you; go, and from now on sin no more.” Why does He do this?

4) It seems that certain sins attract divine ire more than others, no? Those who only have one sheep, and are oppressed by those who have many–these are the ones whom the Lord looks mercifully on (2 Sam. 12:1-15; Jer. 5:26-29).

5) This is not to say that all are not equal before the law or before God. Of course not (Lev. 19:15; Ex. 30:15). But in our dealings with our fellow men, the biblical ethic turns the natural (read: carnal) top-heavy structure on its head. Dealing justice means watching out for the defenseless, the widow, the orphan. These are the individuals whom the Bible says require our aid. A rich man who is being mugged in the alley must be saved the same as the poor man, but one doesn’t often find rich men in back alleys.

6) The Kingdom is not a meritocracy. It is in fact the reverse (Matt. 19:30). The rich man has his own power to throw around; the poor man does not.

7) In short, the rich can take care of themselves. Their economic safety should be the last of their (our) worries, according to James (2:1-7; 5:1). Envy of the rich is a sin, but it is an entirely different matter to be as concerned with protecting the rich as many modern conservatives are. This, honestly, seems entirely out-of-sync with the priorities of the Holy Fathers and the Scriptures.

On a related note, see Ben Meyer’s excellent post on the ethical demands of the parables. Same goes for The Internet Monk’s comments (HT: Frank).